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EM 104 - Materials Science ( Ciência dos Materiais )
Available materials and its historic evolution. Metallic materials. Ceramic materials. Polymeric materials. Mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of materials. Correlations of the composition and the structure and processing with the characteristics of the materials. The importance of the structure: - geometric distribution of strong bonding forces (linear, planar or in 3d networks), cristaline and amorphous structures, defects. Correlation between processing, structure and properties. The crucial role of defects, namely in the ductility of metallic materials. Interatomic bonding and elastic characteristics. Type of inter-atomic and inter-molecular bonds: - Ionic bonding; covalent bonding, metallic bonding and Van der Waals bonding. Atomic and bonding orbitals. Structure of the atoms. Dual nature of the models used to describe or predict the behaviour of the atoms and of light. Some notions on the limits of modern Science. Objectives To help the students to get an overview of the materials used in Mechanical Engineering: - metals, ceramics and polymers. Help the students to establish relationships between the characteristics of the different types of materials and their composition and interatomic bonding, with the structure, defects and processing, and also with work conditions, to develop the sensivity of the students for materials selection, taking into account their application and existence in the social and industrial context. |