2010.bib

@inproceedings{SANTOS_WFCS_2010,
  author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L. and Marau, R. and Nolte, T.},
  title = {Flexible, efficient and robust real-time communication with server-based Ethernet Switching},
  booktitle = {8th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {131--140},
  address = {Nancy, France},
  month = {May},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {10.1109/WFCS.2010.5548632},
  issn = {},
  isbn = {978-1-4244-5462-4},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Real-Time communications, Switch, Embedded system, Ethernet networks, Protocols, Real time systems, Robustness, Throughput},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {The information exchanged in Networked Embedded Systems is steadily increasing in quantity, size, complexity and heterogeneity, with growing requirements for arbitrary arrival patterns and guaranteed QoS. One of the networking protocols that is becoming more common in such systems is Ethernet and its real-time Ethernet variants. However, they hardly support all the referred requirements in an efficient manner since they either favour determinism or throughput, but not both. A potential solution recently proposed by the authors is the Server-SE protocol that uses servers to confine traffic associated to specific applications or subsystems. Such an approach is dynamically reconfigurable and adaptive, being more bandwidth efficient while providing composability in the time domain. This paper proposes integrating the servers inside the Ethernet switch, boosting both the flexibility and the robustness of Server-SE, allowing, for example, the seamless connection of any Ethernet node. The switch is an FTT-enabled Ethernet Switch and the paper discusses two specific ways of integrating the servers, namely in software or in hardware. These options are described and compared analytically and experimentally. The former favours flexibility in the servers design and management while the latter provides lower latency}
}

@inproceedings{MARAU_ETFA_2010,
  author = {Marau, R. and Almeida, L. and Pedreiras, P. and Lakshmanan, K. and Rajkumar, R.},
  title = {Utilization-based schedulability analysis for switched Ethernet aiming dynamic QoS management},
  booktitle = {15th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {1--10},
  address = {Bilbao, Spain},
  month = {September},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641360},
  issn = {1946-0740},
  isbn = {978-1-4244-6848-5},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Switch, computational complexity, computer network management, computer network reliability, local area networks, quality of service, routing protocols, scheduling, telecommunication switching},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {Ethernet switches are typically found in many large-scale distributed real-time systems providing low-end transactions as well as bulk backbone routing to real-time applications. The FTT-SE protocol (Flexible Time-Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet) is a recent proposal to bypass the limitations of conventional switches in terms of real-time behavior while catering for growing requirements on dynamic reconfigurability and adaptability. For this end, this paper develops linear time-complexity and memory-efficient on-line admission control tests based on utilization bounds for Rate-Monotonic and EDF scheduling on Ethernet switches using FTT-SE, which are suited for dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) management. Our analysis also has broader applicability in general periodic task sets with bounded release delays. For FTT-SE with 100 Mbps links and 1500 bytes of maximum packet size, our sufficient schedulability condition achieves an utilization bound of 61% for RMS and 88% for EDF. Simulation results on randomly generated task sets demonstrate that such bounds are within 18% and 5% utilization of the ideal tests for RMS and EDF, respectively}
}

@inproceedings{SANTOS_ETFA_2010,
  author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Yekeh, F. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L.},
  title = {On hierarchical server-based communication with switched Ethernet},
  booktitle = {15th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {1--4},
  address = {},
  month = {},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641073},
  issn = {1946-0740},
  isbn = {978-1-4244-6848-5},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Switch, server-based communication, industrial automation, multiple switches, real-time communications, resource reservation protocol },
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {Ethernet is becoming a common network technology for industrial and factory automation systems and, in recent years, a big effort has been made in enabling real-time communications using Ethernet technology. Many of these systems are complex, extend over relatively large places and/or integrate a significant number of nodes, thus requiring the use of multiple switches (hop). In this paper we look into the usage of Flexible Time-Triggered (FTT) enabled Ethernet switches in this class of systems, more specifically using the recently proposed server-based scheduling mechanism supported by this protocol. The paper proposes and validates a resource reservation protocol, presents a method for computing the end-to-end deadlines and discusses possible strategies for the deadline partitioning}
}

@inproceedings{PROCEEDINGS-LABEL,
  author = {Santos, R. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L. and Pedreiras, P.},
  title = {Schedulability Analysis for Multi-level Hierarchical Server Composition in Ethernet Switches},
  booktitle = {9th International Workshop on Real-Time Networks (RTN'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {},
  address = {Brussels, Belgium},
  month = {July},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {},
  issn = {},
  isbn = {},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Switch},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {The FTT-enabled (Flexible Time-Triggered) Ethernet Switch provides flow-based dynamic scheduling that allows to handle bursty traffic in a bandwidth efficient way. For that, this switch uses adaptive resource-reservation, associating servers to flows or groups of flows. This way, flows have a guaranteed, but bounded, access to the communication resources. These servers can take up a compositional multi-level hierarchy and they can be adapted on-line to make a better use of the available bandwidth. To assure a continued real-time behavior, the FTT-enabled Ethernet Switch integrates an admission control mechanism, which screens all adaptation and/or reconfiguration requests. Whenever such requests may compromise the flow timeliness or exceed the available memory, they are rejected. This paper focuses on the flow timeliness verification, only, providing a response-time based schedulability analysis that permits assessing the schedulability of a hierarchical composition of servers and flows}
}

@inproceedings{SANTOS_WARM_2010,
  author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Marau, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L. and Nolte, T.},
  title = {Improving the efficiency of Ethernet switches for real-time communication},
  booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Adaptive Resource Management (WARM'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {},
  address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  month = {April},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {},
  issn = {},
  isbn = {},
  keywords = {Ethernet, Switch, Real-Time Communications},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {}
}

@inproceedings{SANTOS_REC_2010,
  author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Marau, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L.},
  title = {Architectural Solutions for Server Scheduling Communication within Ethernet Switches},
  booktitle = {6th Jornadas sobre Sistemas Reconfigur\'{a}veis (REC'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {},
  address = {Aveiro, Portugal},
  month = {February},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {},
  issn = {},
  isbn = {},
  keywords = {Embedded Systems, NES, FTT, Ethernet, Switch, quality of service},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {The information exchanged in Network Embedded Systems (NES) is steadily increasing both in terms of quantity, size and complexity. For instance, applications comprising data originated in simple 10 bit ADCs side-by-side with multi-kilobyte variable bit-rate multimedia traffic are, nowadays, becoming a commonplace. Moreover, many NES are frequently subject to some kind of real-time constraints and thus the associated information exchanges are subject to timeliness requirements. However, the existing real-time Ethernet protocols have difficulties in handling these streams efficiently, particularly in what regards the arbitrary arrival patterns and different QoS requirements. To overcome these limitations, the authors proposed recently the integration of server-based traffic scheduling concepts within a customizable Ethernet switch, called FTT-enabled switch. The server scheduling unit can be placed in different points of the FTT-enabled switch architecture. The particular placement chosen has a noticeable impact in terms of server responsiveness, flexibility, hardware complexity and global system schedulability. This paper presents a qualitative comparison about the different architectural solutions and presents a prototype implementation of the hardware-based architecture. Extensive experimental results are also included, showing the correctness of the server operation both in terms of bandwidth guarantees, traffic isolation and latency bounds}
}

@inproceedings{MARAU_ETFA_2010_2,
  author = {Marau, R. and Almeida, L. and Sousa, M. and Pedreiras, P.},
  title = {A middleware to support dynamic reconfiguration of real-time networks},
  booktitle = {15th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'2010) Proceedings},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {1--10},
  address = {Bilbao, Spain},
  month = {September},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641306},
  issn = {1946-0740},
  isbn = {978-1-4244-6848-5},
  keywords = {Middleware, Embedded systems, Distributed embedded systems, Real-Time communications, resource management},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {The middleware is an important software component when designing an application, facilitating the development and deployment of the applications. In the case of Distributed Embedded Systems (DES), the middleware should provide basic functionalities to abstract the complexity that results from network distribution, namely data consistency, events synchronization and resource management. Often DES applications exhibit real-time requirements and have to deal with dynamic environments that present evolving requirements. While some middleware architectures have been proposed to address resource provisioning and QoS management, none of those middle-wares supports dynamic resource reconfiguration while providing real-time guarantees. This paper proposes a middleware layer, based on the services provided by a flexible real-time communication protocol, addressing distribution abstraction, dynamic reconfiguration and dynamic QoS management under real-time constraints}
}