2012.bib
@inproceedings{PROENZA_ETFA_2012,
author = {Proenza, J. and Barranco, M. and Llodra, J. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Using FTT and stars to simplify node replication in CAN-based systems},
booktitle = {17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Krak\'{o}w, Poland},
month = {September},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, CAN, FTT-CAN, Scheduling},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Nodes, among the components of distributed embedded systems, exhibit the greatest permanent failure rate among. Thus, providing tolerance to nodes faults is mandatory whenever high-reliability is required, being node replication the most common technique for that purpose. This paper proposes a novel technique suitable for CAN-based systems that simplifieses existing approaches taking advantage of a star topology and the FTT protocol}
}
@inproceedings{MARQUES_ICIT_2012,
author = {Marques, L. and Vasconcelos, V. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Tolerating transient communication faults with online traffic scheduling},
booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {396-402},
address = {Athens, Greece},
month = {March},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/ICIT.2012.6209970},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-1-4673-0340-8},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, CAN, Embedded systems, Scheduling, x-by-wire systems},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Building distributed embedded systems that will be fault-free for all their lifetime is virtually impossible, thus the systems must deal with them if a continued correct behavior is needed. This is the case of safety-critical systems, such as X-by-wire systems in the automotive domain. Concerning transient communication faults in particular, they can be dealt with at various levels of the protocol stacks, with different techniques, e.g., temporal and spatial redundancy. In this paper we focus on temporal redundancy and we address the limitations imposed by typical time-triggered systems, commonly found in safety-critical systems, arising from their static traffic definition. In these systems the use of temporal redundancy to handle communication errors requires the pre-allocation of communication resources that, in the absence of errors, are wasted. Therefore, we propose an online traffic scheduling approach in which retransmissions are consistently scheduled with the remaining time-triggered traffic, using the unique flexibility provided by the FTT-CAN protocol (Flexible Time-Triggered communication on CAN). We address the integration of appropriate fault detectors in the FTT-CAN protocol to monitor the bus activity and re-schedule omitted messages. We show that this approach is more efficient than the static allocations, since communication resources are only allocated when necessary. We also discuss alternative realizations and validate the approach with initial results from a prototype implementation}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_DCOSS_2012,
author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Demonstrating an Enhanced Ethernet Switch Supporting Video Sensing with Dynamic QoS},
booktitle = {8th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS'2012) Demos session},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {293--294},
address = {Hangzhou, China},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/DCOSS.2012.60},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-0-7695-4707-7},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, FTT-SE},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Video applications, which include industrial uses like machine vision, object tracking, surveillance, driving aids, etc. are becoming increasingly common. These sensors produce large amounts of data, being normally compressed at the source nodes to save network bandwidth. As a side effect, video streams exhibit a large variability in their bandwidth utilization. On the other hand, many video applications are highly dynamic. For instance, a video surveillance application can meet its goals with a low frame-rate video, when the environment being monitored is static, but require an high frame-rate when the environment changes. Another example is applications that have several video sources that are activated on demand. For instance, a rear-view video camera, nowadays commonly found in cars and trucks, is only necessary during certain maneuvers}
}
@inproceedings{ASHJAEI_WCTT_2012,
author = {Ashjaei, M. and Liu, M. and Behnam, M. and Mifdaoui, A. and Almeida, L. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Worst-Case Delay Analysis of Master-Slave Switched Ethernet Networks},
booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Traversal Time (WCTT'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico},
month = {December},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Real-Time communications},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Switched Ethernet is increasingly used in real-time communication due to its intrinsic features such as micro segmentation and high throughput. However, COTS switches may impose long blocking times due to their FIFO queues and can also experience buffer overflow in outgoing queues due to uncontrolled packets arrival. Reconciling the use of ordinary switches with the needs of real-time communication requires an adequate overlay protocol. In this paper we focus on using a Master-Slave technique to overcome the COTS switch limitations in real-time applications, namely the FTT-SE protocol. We extend the protocol for large scale networks and we present the worst-case delay analysis using the Network Calculus formalism for such a network. Moreover, we assess the end-to-end delay of traffic with simulation}
}
@inproceedings{NOGUERO_UCAMI_2012,
author = {Noguero, A. and Calvo, I. and Almeida, L.},
title = {A time-triggered middleware architecture for ubiquitous cyber physical system applications},
booktitle = {6th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {73--80},
address = {Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain},
month = {December},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-35377-2_10},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-3-642-35376-5},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, Cyber physical systems, CPS, middleware, iLAND},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are a special type of ubiquitous systems where control theory, communications and real-time computing are combined in embedded applications that interact with the physical world. The development of these applications becomes more complex when real-time and other non-functional requirements are to be satisfied. This paper presents a time-triggered middleware architecture that provides fault tolerance and dynamic reconfiguration at run-time taking into account the available resources of the underlying infrastructure, i.e. devices and communication networks. This architecture aims at easing the development of ubiquitous applications based on CPS. The paper provides an overview of the design of the architecture and discusses some implementation issues}
}
@inproceedings{MIFDAOUI_RTN_2012,
author = {Mifdaoui, A. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L. and Marau, R.},
title = {Exploring alternatives to use master/slave full duplex switched Ethernet for avionics embedded applications},
booktitle = {11th International Workshop on Real-Time Networks (RTN'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Pisa, Italy},
month = {July},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, Avionics},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The complexity of distributed real-time systems, including military embedded applications, is increasing due to an increasing number of nodes, their functionality and higher amounts of exchanged data. This higher complexity imposes major development challenges when nonfunctional properties must be enforced. On the other hand, the current military communication networks are a generation old and are no longer effective in facing such increasingly complex requirements. A new communication network, based on Full Duplex Switched Ethernet and Master/slave approach, has been proposed previously. However, this initial approach is not efficient in terms of network bandwidth utilization. In this paper we propose two new alternative approaches that can use the network bandwidth more efficiently. In addition we provide a preliminary qualitative assessment of the three approaches concerning different factors such as performance, scalability, complexity and flexibility}
}
@inproceedings{IQBAL_SIES_2012,
author = {Iqbal, Z. and Almeida, L. and Marau, R. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Implementing hierarchical scheduling on COTS Ethernet switches using a master/slave approach},
booktitle = {7th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {76--84},
address = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
month = {June},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/SIES.2012.6356572},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-1-4673-2683-4},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, FTT-SE},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Hierarchical scheduling is instrumental to efficiently deploy component-based designs and achieve composability. It allows partitioning resources into multiple levels, hiding the complexity within each partition behind its respective interface. In this paper we focus on the network resource, particularly on Ethernet using ordinary COTS switches, and we show how hierarchical scheduling can be efficiently deployed using a master/slave approach that enforces the temporal properties of the partitions. We use the FTT-SE protocol for being open source and a bandwidth efficient master/slave alternative currently available for real-time communication over Ethernet. We present a response-time analysis for the traffic submitted within each partition and we validate it using experimental results obtained from a prototype implementation. In particular, the results highlight the strong partitioning capabilities of our approach, with full temporal isolation across partitions in different branches of the hierarchy}
}
@inproceedings{MARAU_WFCS_2012,
author = {Marau, R. and Behnam, M. and Iqbal, Z. and Silva, P. and Almeida, L. and Portugal, P.},
title = {Controlling multi-switch networks for prompt reconfiguration},
booktitle = {9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS'2012) Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {233--242},
address = {Lemgo, Germany},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242571},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-1-4673-0693-5},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, FTT-SE},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Recent trends in distributed embedded systems, such as those found in avionics and trains, have shown an increase in the amount and heterogeneity of the information that needs to be exchanged, together with a growing importance of supporting dynamic reconfiguration and adaptive behaviors. In this paper we focus on Ethernet technologies with real-time reconfiguration support and we address the case of middle-size networking infrastructures with a few switches. We use the FTT-SE protocol with the needed adaptations to support dynamic heterogeneous real-time transactions in multi-hop networks. The paper presents a worst-case response-time analysis that provides timeliness guarantees, improving the results obtained with another previous analysis, decreasing the needed network capacity for guaranteed schedulability by 25% on average. Practical experiments and simulation results validate the proposed approach and analysis}
}
@inproceedings{ASHJAEI_WFCSWIP_2012,
author = {Ashjaei, M. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Extending FTT-SE protocol for Multi-Master/Multi-Slave Networks},
booktitle = {9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS'2012) WiP Session Proceedings},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Lemgo, Germany},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, FTT-SE},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {}
}
@inproceedings{SILVA_DCOSS_2012,
author = {Silva, P. and Silva, L. and Marau, R. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Demonstrating Real-Time Reconfiguration of Video Sensing Service-Oriented Applications},
booktitle = {8th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS'2012) Demos session},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {295--296},
address = {Hangzhou, China},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/DCOSS.2012.59},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-1-4673-1693-4},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, FTT-SE, iLAND, Middleware},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Growing interest in facilitating the construction of real-time applications from reusable components and their run-time reconfiguration is motivating the use of Service-Oriented approaches in the real-time domain. The iLAND ARTEMIS project researches such direction, aiming at providing an SO middleware that supports dynamic reconfiguration, namely addition and removal of services and QoS-based hot swap of service implementations. In this demonstration we exhibit a few simple video sensing applications that illustrate the desired prompt reconfigurations without significant glitches and within bounded time as required for real-time applications}
}
@inproceedings{SILVA_INFORUM_2012,
author = {Silva, P. and Marau, R. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Experimental validation of temporal isolation among dynamic communication channels},
booktitle = {3rd Simposium de Inform\'{a}tica (INForum'2012) Poster Session},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
month = {September},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT-SE},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {}
}