FTT-Enabled-Switch.bib
@inproceedings{SANTOS_DCOSS_2012,
author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Demonstrating an Enhanced Ethernet Switch Supporting Video Sensing with Dynamic QoS},
booktitle = {8th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS'2012) Demos session},
year = {2012},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {293--294},
address = {Hangzhou, China},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/DCOSS.2012.60},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-0-7695-4707-7},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, Ethernet, FTT-SE},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Video applications, which include industrial uses like machine vision, object tracking, surveillance, driving aids, etc. are becoming increasingly common. These sensors produce large amounts of data, being normally compressed at the source nodes to save network bandwidth. As a side effect, video streams exhibit a large variability in their bandwidth utilization. On the other hand, many video applications are highly dynamic. For instance, a video surveillance application can meet its goals with a low frame-rate video, when the environment being monitored is static, but require an high frame-rate when the environment changes. Another example is applications that have several video sources that are activated on demand. For instance, a rear-view video camera, nowadays commonly found in cars and trucks, is only necessary during certain maneuvers}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_RTSSATWORK_2011,
author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Demonstrating an Ethernet switch enhanced with hierarchical scheduling},
booktitle = {32nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'2011) Open Demo Session of Real-Time Techniques and Technologies},
year = {2011},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Vienna, Austria},
month = {November},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Embedded systems, NES, Ethernet, Switch, FTT, Real-Time communications, Servers, Scheduling, Quality of Service},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The complexity of Networked Embedded Systems (NES) has been growing steeply, due to increases both in size and functionality, and is becoming a major development concern. This situation is pushing for paradigm changes in NES design methodologies towards higher composability and flexibility. Component-oriented design technologies, in particular supported by server-based scheduling, seem to be good candidates to provide the needed properties. As response, we developed a multi-level hierarchical server-based architecture for Ethernet switches that provides composability and supports online adaptation and reconfiguration [1] [2]. This framework exhibits the following features: 1) A hierarchical architecture that supports server composition, virtual real-time channels providing temporal isolation (composability in the time domain); 2) Analytical tools for guaranteed real-time behavior; 3) Simple interface to adapt and reconfigure servers during runtime}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_EMSOFT_2011,
author = {Santos, R. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Multi-level hierarchical scheduling in Ethernet switches},
booktitle = {11th International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'2011) Proceedings},
year = {2011},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {185--194},
address = {Taipei, Taiwan},
month = {October},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-1-4503-0714-7},
keywords = {Embedded Systems, NES, Ethernet, Switch, Analytical models, Bandwidth, Protocols, Real time systems, Servers, Time factors},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The complexity of Networked Embedded Systems (NES) has been growing steeply, due to increases both in size and functionality, and is becoming a major development concern. This situation is pushing for paradigm changes in NES design methodologies towards higher composability and flexibility. Component-oriented design technologies, in particular supported by server-based scheduling, seem to be good candidates to provide the needed properties. As a response we developed a multi-level hierarchical server-based architecture for Ethernet switches that provides composability and supports online adaptation and reconfiguration. This paper extends our work, presenting the associated response-time based schedulability analysis, necessary for the admission control procedure. Additionally, we have derived the temporal complexity of the analysis, which is shown to be O(n2), where n is the number of higher priority components associated with a given server. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept implementation and a set of experimental results that validates the analysis}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_APRES_2011,
author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Demonstrating an Ethernet Switch Enhanced with Hierarchical Scheduling},
booktitle = {3rd Workshop on Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems (APRES'2011) Proceedings},
year = {2011},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Chicago, USA},
month = {April},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Embedded systems, NES, Ethernet, Switch, FTT, Real-Time communications, Servers, Scheduling, Quality of Service},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The complexity of Networked Embedded Systems (NES) has been growing steeply, due to increases both in size and functionality, and is becoming a major development concern. This situation is pushing for paradigm changes in NES design methodologies towards higher composability and flexibility. Component-oriented design technologies, in particular supported by server-based scheduling, seem to be good candidates to provide the needed properties. As response, we developed a multi-level hierarchical server-based architecture for Ethernet switches that provides composability and supports online adaptation and reconfiguration [1] [2]. This framework exhibits the following features: 1) A hierarchical architecture that supports server composition, virtual real-time channels providing temporal isolation (composability in the time domain); 2) Analytical tools for guaranteed real-time behavior; 3) Simple interface to adapt and reconfigure servers during runtime}
}
@article{SANTOS_SIGBED_2011,
author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Hierarchical server-based traffic scheduling in ethernet switches},
journal = {ACM SIGBED Review},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {68--69},
month = {March},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, Real-Time communications, Switch, Servers, Quality of Service},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems (DERTS) are ever more complex, consisting of an increasing number of nodes with more functionality and handling more data. This scenario is pushing for paradigm changes in the methodologies to design complex DERTS. Namely, component-oriented design methodologies, exhibiting the composability property are considered an effective means to tackle the growing complexity of DERTS. Server-oriented architectures have proven to be an effective means to enable controlled resource sharing, providing composability among application components as well as between the application software and the hardware platform on which they execute}
}
@inproceedings{SILVA_REC_2011,
author = {Silva, L. and Oliveira, A. and Pedreiras, P. and Santos, R.},
title = {Liga\c{c}\~{a}o de Alto Desempenho entre FPGAs para Switch Ethernet FTT},
booktitle = {VII Jornadas sobre Sistemas Reconfigur\'{a}veis (REC'2011) Proceedings},
year = {2011},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Oporto, Portugal},
month = {February},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {FTT, Ethernet, Switch, FPGA, Real-Time communications, HaRTES},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {A Ethernet como de?nida na norma IEEE 802.3 n\~{a}o \'{e} adequada a aplica\c{c}\~{o}es tempo-real. Apesar de terem surgido v\'{a}rios protocolos que tornam poss\'{i}vel a sua aplica\c{c}\~{a}o em sistemas de tempo-real, as garantias oferecidas s\~{a}o em geral est\'{a}ticas e pouco ?ex\'{i}veis. O projecto HaRTES tem como objectivo o desenvolvimento de um switch Fast Ethernet com recurso a tecnologia FPGA, capaz de fornecer servic?os de comunica\c{c}\~{a}o tempo-real com garantias din\^{a}micas de qualidade de servi\c{c}o. No entanto, os recursos oferecidos pelas FPGAs e placas de desenvolvimento actuais sao limitados para este tipo de projecto, di?cultando a escalabilidade do switch em diversos aspectos (e.g. numero de portos). O presente artigo discute o desenvolvimento de uma liga\c{c}\~{a}o s\'{e}rie multi-gigabit entre FPGAs que constituem o switch, com vista a minorar as limita\c{c}\~{o}es de escalabilidade no projecto do switch HaRTES}
}
@inproceedings{MARAU_ETFA_2010,
author = {Marau, R. and Almeida, L. and Pedreiras, P. and Lakshmanan, K. and Rajkumar, R.},
title = {Utilization-based schedulability analysis for switched Ethernet aiming dynamic QoS management},
booktitle = {15th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'2010) Proceedings},
year = {2010},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {1--10},
address = {Bilbao, Spain},
month = {September},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641360},
issn = {1946-0740},
isbn = {978-1-4244-6848-5},
keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Switch, computational complexity, computer network management, computer network reliability, local area networks, quality of service, routing protocols, scheduling, telecommunication switching},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Ethernet switches are typically found in many large-scale distributed real-time systems providing low-end transactions as well as bulk backbone routing to real-time applications. The FTT-SE protocol (Flexible Time-Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet) is a recent proposal to bypass the limitations of conventional switches in terms of real-time behavior while catering for growing requirements on dynamic reconfigurability and adaptability. For this end, this paper develops linear time-complexity and memory-efficient on-line admission control tests based on utilization bounds for Rate-Monotonic and EDF scheduling on Ethernet switches using FTT-SE, which are suited for dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) management. Our analysis also has broader applicability in general periodic task sets with bounded release delays. For FTT-SE with 100 Mbps links and 1500 bytes of maximum packet size, our sufficient schedulability condition achieves an utilization bound of 61% for RMS and 88% for EDF. Simulation results on randomly generated task sets demonstrate that such bounds are within 18% and 5% utilization of the ideal tests for RMS and EDF, respectively}
}
@inproceedings{PROCEEDINGS-LABEL,
author = {Santos, R. and Behnam, M. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L. and Pedreiras, P.},
title = {Schedulability Analysis for Multi-level Hierarchical Server Composition in Ethernet Switches},
booktitle = {9th International Workshop on Real-Time Networks (RTN'2010) Proceedings},
year = {2010},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Brussels, Belgium},
month = {July},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Switch},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The FTT-enabled (Flexible Time-Triggered) Ethernet Switch provides flow-based dynamic scheduling that allows to handle bursty traffic in a bandwidth efficient way. For that, this switch uses adaptive resource-reservation, associating servers to flows or groups of flows. This way, flows have a guaranteed, but bounded, access to the communication resources. These servers can take up a compositional multi-level hierarchy and they can be adapted on-line to make a better use of the available bandwidth. To assure a continued real-time behavior, the FTT-enabled Ethernet Switch integrates an admission control mechanism, which screens all adaptation and/or reconfiguration requests. Whenever such requests may compromise the flow timeliness or exceed the available memory, they are rejected. This paper focuses on the flow timeliness verification, only, providing a response-time based schedulability analysis that permits assessing the schedulability of a hierarchical composition of servers and flows}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_WFCS_2010,
author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L. and Marau, R. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Flexible, efficient and robust real-time communication with server-based Ethernet Switching},
booktitle = {8th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS'2010) Proceedings},
year = {2010},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {131--140},
address = {Nancy, France},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/WFCS.2010.5548632},
issn = {},
isbn = {978-1-4244-5462-4},
keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Real-Time communications, Switch, Embedded system, Ethernet networks, Protocols, Real time systems, Robustness, Throughput},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The information exchanged in Networked Embedded Systems is steadily increasing in quantity, size, complexity and heterogeneity, with growing requirements for arbitrary arrival patterns and guaranteed QoS. One of the networking protocols that is becoming more common in such systems is Ethernet and its real-time Ethernet variants. However, they hardly support all the referred requirements in an efficient manner since they either favour determinism or throughput, but not both. A potential solution recently proposed by the authors is the Server-SE protocol that uses servers to confine traffic associated to specific applications or subsystems. Such an approach is dynamically reconfigurable and adaptive, being more bandwidth efficient while providing composability in the time domain. This paper proposes integrating the servers inside the Ethernet switch, boosting both the flexibility and the robustness of Server-SE, allowing, for example, the seamless connection of any Ethernet node. The switch is an FTT-enabled Ethernet Switch and the paper discusses two specific ways of integrating the servers, namely in software or in hardware. These options are described and compared analytically and experimentally. The former favours flexibility in the servers design and management while the latter provides lower latency}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_WARM_2010,
author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Marau, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Improving the efficiency of Ethernet switches for real-time communication},
booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Adaptive Resource Management (WARM'2010) Proceedings},
year = {2010},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
month = {April},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, Switch, Real-Time Communications},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_REC_2010,
author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Marau, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Architectural Solutions for Server Scheduling Communication within Ethernet Switches},
booktitle = {6th Jornadas sobre Sistemas Reconfigur\'{a}veis (REC'2010) Proceedings},
year = {2010},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Aveiro, Portugal},
month = {February},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Embedded Systems, NES, FTT, Ethernet, Switch, quality of service},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The information exchanged in Network Embedded Systems (NES) is steadily increasing both in terms of quantity, size and complexity. For instance, applications comprising data originated in simple 10 bit ADCs side-by-side with multi-kilobyte variable bit-rate multimedia traffic are, nowadays, becoming a commonplace. Moreover, many NES are frequently subject to some kind of real-time constraints and thus the associated information exchanges are subject to timeliness requirements. However, the existing real-time Ethernet protocols have difficulties in handling these streams efficiently, particularly in what regards the arbitrary arrival patterns and different QoS requirements. To overcome these limitations, the authors proposed recently the integration of server-based traffic scheduling concepts within a customizable Ethernet switch, called FTT-enabled switch. The server scheduling unit can be placed in different points of the FTT-enabled switch architecture. The particular placement chosen has a noticeable impact in terms of server responsiveness, flexibility, hardware complexity and global system schedulability. This paper presents a qualitative comparison about the different architectural solutions and presents a prototype implementation of the hardware-based architecture. Extensive experimental results are also included, showing the correctness of the server operation both in terms of bandwidth guarantees, traffic isolation and latency bounds}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_ETFA_2010,
author = {Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Yekeh, F. and Nolte, T. and Almeida, L.},
title = {On hierarchical server-based communication with switched Ethernet},
booktitle = {15th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'2010) Proceedings},
year = {2010},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {1--4},
address = {},
month = {},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641073},
issn = {1946-0740},
isbn = {978-1-4244-6848-5},
keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Switch, server-based communication, industrial automation, multiple switches, real-time communications, resource reservation protocol },
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Ethernet is becoming a common network technology for industrial and factory automation systems and, in recent years, a big effort has been made in enabling real-time communications using Ethernet technology. Many of these systems are complex, extend over relatively large places and/or integrate a significant number of nodes, thus requiring the use of multiple switches (hop). In this paper we look into the usage of Flexible Time-Triggered (FTT) enabled Ethernet switches in this class of systems, more specifically using the recently proposed server-based scheduling mechanism supported by this protocol. The paper proposes and validates a resource reservation protocol, presents a method for computing the end-to-end deadlines and discusses possible strategies for the deadline partitioning}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_CRTS_2009,
author = {Santos, R. and Vieira, A. and Marau, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Implementing Server-Based Communication within Ethernet Switches},
booktitle = {2nd Workshop on Compositional Theory and Technology for Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTS'2009) Proceedings},
year = {2009},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Washington, USA},
month = {December},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Real-Time communications, FTT, FTT-SE, Ethernet, Switch},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Server-based architectures have generated recently a considerable interest. They provide an effective means to support composability, i.e., the integration of diverse components while guaranteeing the required service-levels to each one. While common in CPU scheduling, the support for server-oriented architectures in the domain of real-time communication protocols is more limited due to distribution and specific medium access control and queues management policies within network controllers, network devices and protocol stacks. Consequently, server-based traffic scheduling is either not supported or supported in a limited and inefficient way, e.g., only basic servers, no hierarchical composition, static configuration. To overcome such limitations, the authors proposed recently the Server-SE protocol, which supports unconstrained server-based traffic scheduling over switched Ethernet, using the FTT-SE protocol and common off-the-shelf (COTS) switches as platform. This paper extends such work by bringing the servers inside a customized Ethernet switch. This option provides a high level of determinism, robustness and flexibility, being particularly suited to open systems as servers can easily be added, composed, adapted and removed at run-time. The proposal is validated with a prototype implementation and experimental results that show its effectiveness in enforcing correct resource reservations}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_IECON_2009,
author = {Santos, R. and Marau, R. and Vieira, A. and Pedreiras, P. and Oliveira, A. and Almeida, L.},
title = {A synthesizable ethernet switch with enhanced real-time features},
booktitle = {35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON'2009) Proceedings},
year = {2009},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {2817--2824},
address = {Oporto, Portugal},
month = {November},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/IECON.2009.5415405},
issn = {1553-572X},
isbn = {978-1-4244-4650-6},
keywords = {FTT, Ethernet, Real-Time communications, Computer architecture, Ethernet networks, Field programmable gate arrays, Hardware, Protocols, Prototypes, Substation protection, Switches},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The use of switched Ethernet for safe real-time communication still suffers from undesired phenomena, such as blocking caused by long non-preemptive frames, lack of protection against errors in the time domain, couplings across virtual LANs and priority levels via internal switch shared resources. Recently, a few solutions were proposed to cope with such phenomena. One such solution is based on an enhanced switch following the Flexible Time-Triggered paradigm, which enforces strict service differentiation with any kind of traffic scheduling, blocking-free forwarding and timing errors confinement. In this paper we propose a new architecture following an hardware-software co-design approach that simplifies the development of the enhanced switch features by detaching the traffic scheduling from the traffic switching. The paper shows experimental results with an actual switch prototype that confirm the desired switch properties}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_REC_2009,
author = {Santos, R. and Marau, R. and Oliveira, A. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L.},
title = {FPGA-based Implementation of an Ethernet Switch for Real-Time Applications},
booktitle = {5th Jornadas sobre Sistemas Reconfigur\'{a}veis (REC'2009) Proceedings},
year = {2009},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {},
address = {Monte de Caparica, Portugal},
month = {February},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, Switch, Real-Time communications},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The use of switched Ethernet for precise and safe real-time communication still suffers from undesired phenomena, such as blocking caused by long non-preemptive frames, lack of protection against errors in the time domain, couplings across virtual LANs and priority levels via internal switch shared resources. Recently, a few solutions were proposed to cope with such phenomena. One such solution is based on an enhanced switch following the Flexible Time-Triggered paradigm, which enforces strict service differentiation, blocking-free forwarding and timing errors confinement. In this paper we propose a new architecture following an hardware-software co-design approach that facilitates the development of the enhanced switch features by separating the traffic scheduling from the common management activities associated to switching}
}
@inproceedings{MARAU_CRTS_2008,
author = {Marau, R. and Figueiredo, N. and Santos, R. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Server-based real-time communications on Switched Ethernet},
booktitle = {1st Workshop on Compositional Theory and Technology for Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTS'2008) Proceedings},
year = {2008},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {37--44},
address = {Barcelon, Spain},
month = {November},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, Real-Time communications, FTT, FTT-SE, protocols},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {Real-Time Ethernet (RTE) protocols have difficulties in the efficient handling of aperiodic message streams with arbitrary arrival patterns, while at the same time supporting the derivation of timeliness guarantees. This paper presents a server-based mechanism for switched Ethernet real-time networks, integrating concepts from the Server-CAN protocol on the FTT-SE protocol. This approach enables an efficient implementation of arbitrary server schedulers as well as their hierarchical composition. Moreover, the presented approach is very suitable for open systems as servers can easily be added, changed and removed during runtime. The paper includes a case study based on a distributed control application. The obtained results illustrate the correct operation of the server-based protocol, showing the capability of the framework in providing strict timeliness guarantees to the real-time traffic in spite of interference with arbitrary arrival patterns and load variations}
}
@inproceedings{MARAU_ECRTS_2008,
author = {Marau, R. and Almeida, L. and Pedreiras, P. and Nolte, T.},
title = {Towards Server-based Switched Ethernet for Real-Time Communications},
booktitle = {20th Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'2008) WiP Session Proceedings},
year = {2008},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {60--63},
address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
month = {July},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-SE, Real-Time communications, Server-CAN, protocols},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {This paper presents work-in-progress on server-based Switched Ethernet (SE) for real-time communications. It joins the recent FTT-SE protocol with concepts from the Server-CAN protocol to allow handling aperiodic message streams with arbitrary arrival patterns while supporting the derivation of timeliness guarantees. The presented approach enables an efficient implementation of arbitrary server schedulers in the switch, and a number of server schedulers are to be investigated with respect to SE performance. Moreover, the presented approach is very suitable for open systems as servers can easily be added, changed and removed during runtime of the switch. Currently, several server-based policies are being implemented, which will allow carrying out comparisons among different policies as well as verifying the capability of the protocol for on-line integrated management of the servers}
}
@inproceedings{SANTOS_WFCS_2008,
author = {Santos, R. and Marau, R. and Oliveira, A. and Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L.},
title = {Designing a costumized Ethernet switch for safe hard real-time communication},
booktitle = {7th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS'2008) Proceedings},
year = {2008},
editor = {},
volume = {},
series = {},
pages = {169--177},
address = {Dresden, Germany},
month = {May},
organization = {},
publisher = {},
doi = {10.1109/WFCS.2008.4638737},
issn = {},
isbn = {},
keywords = {FPGA, Ethernet, Real-Time communications, FTT, Switch},
note = {},
key = {},
abstract = {The use of switched Ethernet for precise and safe real-time communication still suffers from undesired phenomena that range from the blocking caused by long non-preemptive frames to lack of protection against errors in the time domain and also couplings across virtual LANs and even priority levels via internal switch shared resources. In this paper we propose a novel switch architecture enhanced with resource reservation mechanisms, based on the Flexible Time-Triggered paradigm, which enforces strict service differentiation, blocking-free forwarding and timing errors confinement. Experimental results of a preliminary 4-port prototype based on an FPGA validate the desired properties and exhibit the potential of the enhanced Ethernet switch}
}