pgai.bib

@article{PEDREIRAS_II_2005,
  author = {Pedreiras, P. and Gai, P. and Almeida, L. and Buttazzo, G.},
  title = {FTT-Ethernet: a flexible real-time communication protocol that supports dynamic QoS management on Ethernet-based systems},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {162--172},
  month = {August},
  doi = {10.1109/TII.2005.852068},
  issn = {1551-3203},
  isbn = {},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT, FTT-Ethernet, distributed systems, dynamic QoS management, manufacturing automation, quality-of-service, real-time communication protocol, real-time industrial automation systems},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {Ethernet was not originally developed to meet the requirements of real-time industrial automation systems and it was commonly considered unsuited for applications at the field level. Hence, several techniques were developed to make this protocol exhibit real-time behavior, some of them requiring specialized hardware, others providing soft-real-time guarantees only, or others achieving hard real-time guarantees with different levels of bandwidth efficiency. More recently, there has been an effort to support quality-of-service (QoS) negotiation and enforcement but there is not yet an Ethernet-based data link protocol capable of providing dynamic QoS management to further exploit the variable requirements of dynamic applications. This paper presents the FTT-Ethernet protocol, which efficiently supports hard-real-time operation in a flexible way, seamlessly over shared or switched Ethernet. The FTT-Ethernet protocol employs an efficient master/multislave transmission control technique and combines online scheduling with online admission control, to guarantee continued real-time operation under dynamic communication requirements, together with data structures and mechanisms that are tailored to support dynamic QoS management. The paper includes a sample application, aiming at the management of video streams, which highlights the protocol's ability to support dynamic QoS management with real-time guarantees}
}

@inproceedings{PEDREIRAS_WFCS_2002,
  author = {Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L. and Gai, P.},
  title = {FTT-Ethernet: a platform to implement the Elastic Task Model over message streams},
  booktitle = {4th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS'2002) Proceedings},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {225--232},
  address = {V{\"a}ster{\aa}s, Sweden},
  month = {August},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {10.1109/WFCS.2002.1159720},
  issn = {},
  isbn = {0-7803-7586-6},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT-Ethernet, Adaptive control , Application software , Automotive engineering , Computer vision , Protocols , Quality of service , Real time systems , Robot vision systems , Streaming media , Vehicle dynamics},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {Real-time distributed systems are becoming more pervasive, supporting a broad range of applications such as automotive, adaptive control, robotics, computer vision, and multimedia. Furthermore, in all such applications there is a growing demand for flexibility in order to support dynamic configuration changes such as those arising from evolving requirements and on-line quality-of-service management. The elastic task model, proposed previously, is well suited to support that level of flexibility in multitasking systems running on single processors. This paper presents the extension Of such model to the network, which runs the FTT-Ethernet protocol. The paper includes a brief presentation of this protocol and of the elastic task model, discusses the referred extension and presents a set of experimental results involving the dynamic adjustment of the quality of service delivered to several message streams, with guaranteed timeliness}
}

@inproceedings{PEDREIRAS_ECRTS_2002,
  author = {Pedreiras, P. and Almeida, L. and Gai, P.},
  title = {The FTT-ethernet protocol: merging flexibility, timeliness and efficiency},
  booktitle = {14th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'2002) Proceedings},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {},
  volume = {},
  series = {},
  pages = {134--142},
  address = {Vienna, Austria},
  month = {June},
  organization = {},
  publisher = {},
  doi = {10.1109/EMRTS.2002.1019195},
  issn = {1068-3070},
  isbn = {},
  keywords = {Ethernet, FTT-Ethernet, Application software, Bandwidth, Control systems, Electrical equipment industry, Ethernet networks, Protocols, Real time systems},
  note = {},
  key = {},
  abstract = {Despite having been designed to interconnect office equipment such as computers and printers, since its early days Ethernet has also been considered for use in the industrial domain. However, it was not originally developed to meet the requirements of real-time industrial automation systems and it was commonly considered unsuited for applications at the field level, i.e. to interconnect sensors, actuators and controllers. Therefore, along its 30 years of existence, several proposals have been presented to make this protocol exhibit real-time behaviour. Nevertheless, these proposals either require specialised hardware, or are suited to soft-real-time operation only, or are bandwidth or response-time inefficient. This paper presents an overview about the work previously done towards real-time communication on Ethernet. Then, it presents a new protocol, FTT-Ethernet, which relies on common
network adapters and on a new transmission control named master/multi-slave that efficiently supports hardreal-time operation in a flexible way}
}